Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) is a measurement of the impedance match of any RF component, subassembly, instrument in reference to a standard 50-Ohm resistive impedance. It is generally expressed ...

Impedance mismatches in a radio-frequency (RF) electrical transmission line cause power loss and reflected energy. Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is a way to measure transmission line ...

Here’s a situation that creates fear and trembling: The engineer receives a call from the radio station: “The transmitter is off the air and there is a VSWR fault.” If the station is fortunate, the ...

Building a successful microwave test system requires the use of many different components to control signal flow, signal level, and signal integrity. The design engineer must consider the impact of ...

This is the fourth in a series of articles about FM transmission systems. The bandwidth of a commercial FM broadcast signal, depending on whether or not subcarriers are used, is about 260 kHz. This ...

Knowing the directivity specification of your measurement device can go a long way in setting measurement expectations. Directional power measurements are important when determining transmitter output ...